--- 主库操作
alter system archive log current;
alter system checkpoint;
select switchover_status from v$database;
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
startup mount;
--- 备库操作
select switchover_status from v$database;
alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
alter database open;
--- 切换后备库操作
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

--- 下面为切换输出过程
sys@DBPOD> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

sys@DBPOD> alter system checkpoint;

System altered.

sys@DBPOD> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
TO STANDBY

sys@DBPOD> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 13037
Session ID: 21 Serial number: 543



Database altered.

sys@DBPOD> select status from v$instance;
select status from v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 13037
Session ID: 21 Serial number: 543


ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 13037
Session ID: 21 Serial number: 543

sys@DBPOD> exit 
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@dbtest5 dbpod]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Jul 22 14:52:13 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

idle> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257720 bytes
Variable Size            2113932488 bytes
Database Buffers         1157627904 bytes
Redo Buffers               16527360 bytes
Database mounted.

sys@DBPOD> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
TO PRIMARY

sys@DBPOD> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

Database altered.

sys@DBPOD> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

sys@DBPOD> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

sys@DBPOD> select open_mode from V$DATABASE;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE

idle> alter database open;

Database altered.

idle> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

Database altered.